Ralph Anderson, field biologist

Publications – Ralph G. Anderson (1945-present): 

Anderson, Ralph G.  1973.  Wallowa-Whitman National Forest: Wildlife habitat management workbook. Unpublished typescript  273 p. USDA Forest Service Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Baker City, OR. Anderson, R.  1974.  Snag habitat administrative study:  North Zone, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.  Unpublished 43 pages typescript.  USDA Forest Service, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Bear-Sleds Ranger District, Wallowa, OR Bull, Evelyn and Ralph G. Anderson.  1978.  Notes on flammulated owls in northeastern Oregon.  Murrelet 59(1):26-27. Bull, Evelyn L., Mark G. Henjum and Ralph G. Anderson.  1987.  Nest platforms for great gray owls. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-142.  p. 87-90. Anderson, Ralph G.  1979.  Forest management and goshawks in northeastern Oregon.  Unpublished 21 p. typescript manuscript on file at Wallowa Zone headquarters, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Enterprise, OR. Abstract:  Data collected from 128 goshawk nesting attempts from 1970 through 1980 is presented and analysed for baseline indices of distribution, density and reproductive success.  Nests occurred predominately from 1036 m. to 1700 m., 74% in two white fir communities and 78% of nests were in Douglas fir or western larch.  Mean distance between 34 adjacent active nests was 5.9 km.  which yielded an ideal density figure of 1 pair per 2576 ha..  Reoccupancy of nest sites was noted at 60%.  Reproductive success was recorded including:  mean clutch size = 3.03 (n=32), hatching success = 83.3% to 95.0% (n=32), mean number fledged per nest attempt = 2.0 (n=64), fledging success = 87.7 to 92.9% (n=32), and successful nesting attempts = 89.1% (n=57 of 64). Thomas, J. W., R. J. Miller, C. Maser, R.G. Anderson, and B.E.Carter.  1979.  Plant communities and successional stages.  In Wildlife habitats in managed forests – the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.  Edited by Jack Ward Thomas.  P. 23-39.  USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Number 553.  Washington D.C.  Thomas, J.W., R.G. Anderson, C. Maser and E. L. Bull.  1979 Snags.  In Wildlife habitats in managed forests – the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.  Edited by Jack Ward Thomas.  P. 60-77.  USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Number 553.  Washington D>C> Maser, C., R.G. Anderson, K. Cromack, Jr., J.T. Williams and R.E. Martin.  1979.  Dead and down woody material.  In Wildlife habitats in managed forests – the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.  Edited by Jack Ward Thomas.  P. 78-95.  USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Number 553.  Washington D.C. Maser, Chris, Ralph Anderson and Evelyn Bull.  1981.  Aggregation and sex segregation in northern flying squirrels in northeastern Oregon, an observation.  Murrelet.  Summer 1981:54-55. Maser. C., J. Michael Geist, Diane M. Concannon, Ralph Anderson and Burrell Lovell.  1979.  Wildlife habitats in managed rangelands – the Great Basin of southeastern Oregon:  Geomorphic and edaphic habitats.  USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-99.  84 p. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR. Maser, Chris, Jack Ward Thomas, Ira David Luman and Ralph Anderson.  1979.  Wildlife habitats in managed rangelands – the Great Basin of southeastern Oregon:  Manmade habitats.  USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-86.  40 pages.  Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR. Maser, Chris, Jack Ward Thomas and Ralph G. Anderson.  1984.  Wildlife habitats in managed rangelands – the Great Basin of southeastern Oregon:  the relationship of terrestrial vertebrates to plant communities and structural conditions.  USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-172, part 1 25 pages, part 2 237 pages.  Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR. Minta, Steven, Ralph Anderson and Tracy Fleming.  1993(fall).  Trends in historic goshawk data, Wallowa (Whitman) National Forest, Oregon.  Unpublished 2 page typescript summary.  Report on file at National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement. Summary – Observations of goshawks, identification of nest sites, and nesting activities were gathered from many sources between 1970 and 1992.  Most of the 1970’s data was part of the projects led by C.J. Henny, R. T. Reynolds, and R. W. Mannan.  During the 1970’s, 145 goshawks were banded – 11 of those were recaptured or resighted again once and 4 twice.  Approximately 134 people actually collected data, but most were agency or academic affiliated.   Fleming was present on 22% of all records and Anderson on 12%.  The purpose of NCASI’s analysis is to explore patterns in reproduction and use of nest sites that can aid forest management and reveal insights into population monitoring. Of 493 goshawk observations, we focus here on 416 that involved 234 “territorial” nest sites.  Data collected for each observation varied, but often included method, location, date, plant community, dominant tree species, nest tree characteristics, estimate of reproduction, and prey species.  Years of most observations were 1978 (13.5%) and 1992 (13.7%) with 43% between 1975-79 and 27.9% between 1989-92.  Observations peaked in summer, with 70.6% in June and July.  Most nest sites were visited once (71.9%), but to monitor nest use throughout a summer, 12.9% were visited twice, 7.5% three times, and 7.7% 4 or more times for a mean of 1.57 visits per season (SD=1.132, max.=10).  In a visit when some sign of adult presence was noted (n=169), 78.1% of the time one or both adults were seen, only 3.6% of the time was anything heard.  New nest sites were discovered in 39% of the cases during goshawk search and monitoring procedures,  35.4% from Wildlife Biologist Observation Reports, 14.3% from USFS incidental reports, and 8.1% from citizen reports. Territorial observations were in the forests surrounding the Wallowa Valley in Conifer/True Fir (CW) communities (65.9%, n=129), Conifer/Mixed Conifer (CD) communities (27.9%, and Conifer; Pine (CP) communities (6.2%). The mean elevation was 4411 ft (n=407, SD=740.8, range – 1400-6600).  The dominant trees in the nest stand were grand fir (38.4%, n=159), Douglas-fir (22.6%).  Ponderosa pine (14.5%), western larch (12%), and lodgepole pine (10.7%), Secondarily dominant trees include Douglas-fir (46.6%, n=131), western larch (16.8%), Ponderosa pine (14.5%), and grand fir (10.7%).  The USFS plant community designation was most frequently grand fir/twinflower (35.9%, n=117), grand fir/big huckleberry (27.4%), Douglas fir/common snowberry (13.7%), with the remaining 23% equally split between Ponderosa pine/common snowberry, Douglas-fir/ninebark, and Douglas-fir/pinegrass. Favored nest trees were Douglas-fir (49.2%, n=179), western larch (28.5%), Ponderosa pine (11.2%), grand fir (9.5%), with only 2 occurrences Englemann spruce and 1 of lodgepole pine.  When noted, 88.75% (n=160) of these trees were live.  Mean tree height was 105.6 156), mean height of the nest was 44.0 ft. (n=154, SD=12.9, range = 15-80), and mean DBH was 20.5 inches (n=126, SD=6.47, range = 8-40).ft. (n=58, SD=24.7, range = 60-  Perkins, J. Mark and Ralph G. Anderson.  1990(Jun).  Summary of Hells Canyon survey for Plecotus townsendii.  Unpublished 23 page typescript and handwritten report on file at Wallowa Zone wildlife headquarters, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.  Enterprise, OR., and Wallowa-Whitman National Forest headquarters, Baker City, OR.  Perkins, J. M. and R.G. Anderson.  1996.  Analysis of bat abundance in relation to snags in a managed forest.  Unpublished report to the Eastside Ecosystem.  5 pp.  And: paper presented to the 26^th annual North American Symposium on bat research, Bloomington, IN, Oct., 1996.  Perkins, J. Mark, Joshua R. Peterson and Ralph G. Anderson.  1996.  Maternal species (Bats) diversity in relation to snag abundance.  7 pages typescript paper submitted to NW Naturalist and J. Mammal.   Anderson, Ralph.  2004.  Upper Joseph Creek Watershed (Rice/Baldwin/Double Arrow Vegetation Management Projects) NOGO Nest Record Compilation 2004.  Unpublished 12 page typescript contract completion report on file at Wallowa Mountains Work Center, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Enterprise, OR. Sallabanks, Rex, Nils D. Christofferson, Whitney W. Weatherford and Ralph G. Anderson.  2005.  Restoring high priority habitats for birds, aspen and pine in the interior west.  In  the proceedings of The third International Partners in Flight Conference:  A workshop on bird conservation implementation and integration held at Asilomar State Park Conference Grounds, CA.  20-24 March, 2002.  USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191.  pages 391-404.  www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documenbts/psw_gtr191/Asilomar/pdfs/391-404.pdf (17) Publications documenting research and projects I have assisted: Bull, E.L., Henjum, M.G.; Rohweder, R.S.  1988.  Nesting and foraging habitat of great gray owls.  Journal of Raptor Research 22:107-115 Bull, Evelyn L. and Marc P. Hayes  2000.  Livestock effects on reproduction of the Columbia spotted frog.  Journal of Range Management 53(3):291-294. Bull, Evelyn L.  1987.  Capture techniques for owls.  U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-142, p. 291-293. Bull, Evelyn L.  1999.  Vaux’s swifts found to accept nest boxes.  Bluebird 21(4):21. Bull, Evelyn L., Mark G. Henjum and Ronald S. Rohweder.  1988.  Nesting and foraging habitat of great gray owls.  Journal of Raptor Research, 22(4):107-115. Henny, Charles J.  1977.  Birds of prey, DDT, and tussock moths in Pacific Northwest.  In Transactions of the 42^nd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, 1977.  Publ. by the Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D. C. 42:397-411. Henny, Charles J., Roger A. Olson, and Tracy L. Fleming.  1985.  Breeding chronology, molt, and measurements of Accipiter hawks in northeastern Oregon .  J. Field Ornithol. 56(2):97-112. Henny, Charels J., Morland W. Nelson and Stephen R. Gray.  Impact of 1974 DDT spraying for tussock moth control and American kestrels.  Unpublished typescript report submitted to the U.S. Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, on March 26, 1976. Maser, C. and S. P. Cross.  1981.  Notes on the distribution  of Oregon bats.  Research Note PNW-379.  Portland, OR:  USDA,
USFS, PNW Forest and Range Experiment Station.  31 pp. Maser, Chris, James M. Trappe and Ronald A. Nusbaum.  1978.  Fungal-small mammal interrelationships with emphasis on Oregon Coniferous forests.  Ecology 39(4):799-805. McCluskey, D., Calvin.  1977.  DDT and reproductive success of bluebirds and house wrens in northeastern Oregon. MS thesis.  37 p., Oregon State University. McGrath, Michael T. and Stephen DeStefano.  1995(November).  Annual Report:  northern goshawk habitat analysis in managed forest landscapes.  Unpublished report of the Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon.  10 pp. Moore, K. R.; Henny, C. J. 1983.  Nest site characteristics of three coexisting Accipiter hawks in northeastern Oregon.  Raptor Research.  17(3):65-76. Perkins, J. M.  1992.  Are Bats normal?  Paper presented to the 27^th North American Symposium on Bat Research, Gainseville, Florida. Perkins, J. M.  1994. Results of summer bat surveys, Wallowa Valley Ranger District, Eagle Cap Ranger District, and the HCNRA of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Wallowa County, Oregon, Summer, 1994.  Unpublished report to the USFS.  85 pp. Perkins, J. M.  1995.  Analysis of male bat distribution in a managed forest.  Paper presented to the bat and forest conference, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Perkins, J. M. 1996.  Does competition for roosts influence bat distribution in a managed forest?  In Bats and Forests Symposium, Oct. 19021, 1995.  Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 164-174. Perkins, J. M. and J. R. Peterson.  1995.  Analysis of female bat distribution in a managed forest.  Paper presented to the 2^nd Annual North American Wildlife Conference, Portland, OR. Perkins, J. M. and S. P. Cross.  1988.  Differential use of some coniferous forest habitats by hoary and silver-haired bats in Oregon.  Murrelet 69:21-24. Peterson, Joshua and J. Mark Perkins.  1993(July).  Bat distribution on the Wallowa Valley and Pine Ranger Districts of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreational Area.  Unpublished external credit paper for Evergreen State College.  98 pages typescript with 27 pages of maps and tables in appendices.  On file at Wallowa Zone Wildlife Headquarters, Enterprise, Oregon. Reynolds, R.T.  1983.  Management of western coniferous forest habitat for nesting Accipiter hawks.  Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-102.  Fort Collins.  CO:  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.  7 p. Reynolds, R.T.; Meslow, E.C.  1984.  Partitioning of food and niche characteristics of coexisting Accipiter during breeding.  Auk.  101:761-777. Reynolds, R.T., E.C. Meslow and H. M. Wight.  1982.  Nesting habitat of coexisting accipiter in Oregon.  J. Wildl. Manage.  46:124-138. Reynolds, Richard T., and Howard M. Wight.  1978.  Distribution, density, and productivity of Accipiter hawks breeding in Oregon.  The Wilson Bulletin 90(2):182-198. Rohweder, Ron, Evelyn L. Bull and Mike Leonard.  1984.  Cavity nesters use of bird boxes.  Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Oregon Chapter of the Wildlife Society, March 2, at the Hilton Hotel, Newport Beach, Oregon. Stevenson, Elmo.  1985.  Nature rambles in the Wallowas.  110 p.  A 1985 republication of a 1937 volume by Pika Press, Enterprise, OR to which I added an appendix of currently recognized species lists and selected bibliographies.  Thomas, Jack Ward and D. Calvin McCluskey.  1977.  Effects of aerial application of DDT for tussock moth control on nestling survival of mountain bluebirds and house wrens.  USDA Forest Service, REs. Pap. PNW-228. 22 p., illus.  Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. Whitaker, John G. Jr., E. Andrea Lyons, Martha A. Smith and Chris Maser.  198_.  Nest inhabitants and ectoparasites of northern flying squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw), from northern Oregon.  Northwest Science, 57(4):291-295.(28) Other productions:1987.  Natural enemies of forest insects.  A 25 minute videotape program which I initiated with Dr. Torolf Torgerson (USDA PNW Forestry and Range Sciences Lab, 1401 Geckler Lane, LaGrande, OR 97850), and assisted with script production, consultations and assistance with various production details.  I am referenced as “technical consultant.” 1986.  Great Gray Owls in northeast Oregon.  A 22 minute videotape program on the experience of Wallowa Valley Ranger District for 1974 through 1986 managing and learning about great gray owls.  I initiated this program in order to be able to share with a wide range of audiences our investigations, management with nest platforms, and assistance with Dr. Evelyn L. Bulls formal five years of research on great gray owls.  My role included assistance with script development, providing both Forest Service and personal slides and many technical aspects associated with the production. 1985.  Who needs dead wood, anyway?  A 25 minute slide-tape (two projector, phase-dissolve) program, also produced on videotape.  I initiated development of this program in response to local concern, both in-house and local community as we approached the conversion from the last free use personal firewood district in Region 6 to a charge for personal fuelwood program.  I provided training, background, perspective, script reviews, technical support and impetus for completion.  I subsequently nominated District Ranger Frank Olson for Forest-wide recognition and what subsequently became a $300 cash award for his role in support, assistance and use in the local community of this program. (3)